Townsend Brown’s Battery Theory
Casey Rodgers
3-26 to 4-7-2010
To create Townsend Brown's Battery a high dielectric was melted with a metal oxide or carbide (he indicated Tungsten Carbide was the best he found). This was exposed to a high voltage during the cooling processes on the battery electrodes. This process seemed to create a constant low voltage that would not cease (~1V). The leads could be put in a small resistance short circuit for weeks without losing its charge. He discovered this while probing igneous rock with a voltmeter and found voltage on some. He would melt copper electrodes to the surface to take the measurements. Peering into the idea more one has to account for displacement current generated by the cell, polarization effects of the vacuum, electron-positron theory, Ahranov-Bohm effect and vector potentials. I’m going to assume that momentum and energy is conserved in the battery, thus I will assume this energy that the battery is using comes from the environmental effects within the capacitor plates and the response to a conductor/load.
Displacement Currents :
The principle behind this amazing idea is that there are two components to the electric power of the battery: the voltage and the amperage. The theory is then that the metallic bonding to the dielectric must somehow create a small amount of voltage and current to maintain the dielectric's electric field resembling a DC rectified pulse train from radiations induced by the load.
The reason behind this assumption lies in the idea that oxides and maybe some carbides act as N-type semiconductors. A rectification type of reaction might occur when the positive polarized dielectric is in contact with this the metal. In an article by Harald Giessen in Science magazine we see that the magnetic field could be detected using an almost-complete ring. When the waves were detected the device created more corona discharge between the rings gap. So by being magnetically aligned in the cooling/HV-DC process, the charges create a constant current that persists. This principle would work like this:
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eq.(1)B=magnetic field, V= voltage j=current density (environmental), Mu_not=permeability of battery, (Eplison_not) permittivity of the battery
In equation 1 on the right is the wave equation of the magnetic vector potential (A) which has both longitudinal and transverse components and on the left has only transverse components. So we see there are multiple forces acting to create a current.
The creation of battery –like current occurs through certain path that the particles take within the material. The result is familiar AC (Hertzian) waves. The current density can be described by the work of Nobel Laureate T.D. Lee, who sees the vacuum as the worst model environment so the charge density and current density vanish. Gauss’s law and Maxwell-Ampere law change to:
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eq. (2).png)
eq, (3)If we look at the curl of the magnetic field strength it can be shown that the Maxwell-Ampere law changes to:
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eq. (4)j_A - vaccum displacement current, D- electric displacement field, H-magnetic field strength
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eq. (5), and .png)
eq. (6)This allows us to say the time derivative of the vacuum polarization gives us a current density:
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eq. (7)Vacuum polarization largely involves electrons and positrons which can interact with electromagnetic fields.
In terms of the battery this tells us that the basic idea behind this is that a magnetic ring of polarization will tend to maintain its field by keeping a current rotating which turns out to be through the geometry, a curl of the electric field. This then feeds back in on itself because the curls are aligned in a circle making the shape of a ring. This is seen in equation [8] and figure 1.
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eq. 8
figure 1Magnetic fields from spinning charges:
Returning back to equation 1 it must be said that the fundamental forces behind the Laplace of the magnetic vector potential on the right hand side of the equation is the velocities (or accelerations) of the particles involved. This is made clear by an article sited by E.T. Whittaker. I will show a particular solution to the wave equation which shows that the velocity of the particles involved is everywhere proportional to a 1/r field i.e. gravity. In his explanation:
“The total disturbance at any point, due to this system of waves, is therefore independent of time and everywhere proportional to the gravitational potential due to the particle at the point.”
He describes these as spherical waves that can create electromagnetic waves. This is why my conclusion is that electromagnetic radiation rectified in the battery is its output. Whittaker says: ”Suppose that a particle is emitting spherical waves such that the disturbance a distance r from the origin, at time (t), due to those waves whose wave-length lies between (2 pi/ mu) and (2pi/mu +dmu), is represented by,”
“where (v) is the velocity of the waves. Then after the waves have reached the point r, so that (vt-r) is positive, the total disturbance at the this point (due to the sum of all waves) is,”
eq. (9) This satisfies condition of the Laplace equation of the magnetic vector potential which can be associated with the particles velocity and the fields that they induce.
eq. (10)This shows that the movement of the particles within the material described by the current density. This creates the electric and magnetic field effects. In this case there is an overall B-field and the voltage modulation is changing that to create a constant DC-pulsed output.
In this scenario the particles that make up the current flow are extremely small so as to fit in the spaces of the atom of the rigid crystalline material. This means that the flow of electricity is most likely electrons and positrons at the bonds of the dielectric to the metallic pieces which creates an induction on the plates of the capacitor by involving the electric field. This leads me to conclude that Tombe’s theory about the electron positron pair spinning is the best model of the batteries’ charge movement.
The magnetic material is polarized during the cooling process so that curl H occurs while the electric field is turned on. Then when the electric field is removed the magnetic material reacts to any change in the electric field thus there is a fluctuating DC that occurs within resonance of the load impedance. F. Tombe’s theory about moving charges might be a really good model which is similar to Whittaker’s analysis by involving particles. This occurs by the environmental current effects described by a key equation where the electric displacement theory in Maxwells equations can be expressed in terms of a rotating electron positron pair with energy equaling 1.02 MeV, the energy of a gamma photon. This constant rotation is interacting with the dielectric and permeability of the medium. The rotating particles are suggested to line up sort of like DNA along a magnetic field line so thus the necessary geometry is required for both the magnetic and electric fields to describe the current and velocity of charge. The maximum potential energy of this system is seen in equation 9:
mv² = 2πK²h² eq[11] where h=displacement , K=dielectric constant, and m=mass
To understand this theory Tombe cites an important experiment: “In 1856, Weber and Kohlrausch performed an experiment with a Leyden jar which showed that the ratio of the quantity of electricity when measured statically, to the same quantity of electricity when measured electrodynamically, is numerically equal to the directly measured speed of light.” This means that the momentum of the particle is releasing energy proportional to the speed of light which is the verification of the conservation of momentum and energy.
F = dp/dt = (1/c)dE/dt eq[12] where E= energy, p=momentum, F=force
eq[13] k=Boltzmann constant, T=Temperature,The charge density is then found by equation 11:
eq[14] Potential energy=(V(rj)), Mass of the electron = (m_e)
This analysis could be used to show the charge density of the positrons also. Using this analysis we might show to how much charge and current we can work with when the device cools down. The initial energy density of the electric field and thermal excitation set the conditions up to create a constant current which we saw by analyzing the vector potentials of the electromagnetic energy the battery uses.
Angular Velocity of Vector Potentials and the Continuity Equation:
The vector E can be described by the velocity of a charge in a circle which creates a magnetic field by the equation:
E= v × B eq[15]
Thus by the same relative motion of the particle, the vector H can be described by the velocity of a charge in a circle which creates a magnetic field by this equation:
H= -v × D eq[16]
figure 2So we see that a current with a relative velocity (v) we can exchange energies between the magnetic and electric fields. The figure on the right shows equation 15 (eqatuation 3 also,) and the figure on the left show equation 16 (equation 8) . To show how the Magnetic vector potential plays a role we can refer to the Ahromov-Bohm effect. This can be shown to relate to the magnetic flux (in Webers) by a phase field of the charge to the plank constant (h).
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eq[17] l=length, (Phi_m)=magnetic flux, q=charge This equation shows that the magnetic flux depends on where A is and how strong A is. So by moving a magnetic potential with certain velocity we get the result that the electric field is changed. The sign of the charge is important to note though because the angle of the path of the charge will be different.
The velocity in equations 15&16 are describing a helical path that follows the B field in a circle creating the current and voltage. If we look at equation 15 in terms of the magnetic vector potential we see that it is essentially an angular force. This is because of equation 17 which will show where by the phase relationship the particle will go.
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eq. (18).png)
or .png)
eq. (20) The initial input energy is heat and charging the electrodes of the battery. Dielectrics when in a liquefied state have loose ions. These ions then have a chance to loosely bond to the carbon or oxygen of the metal. The electric and magnetic polarizations want to keep their maximum potential. This idea is demonstrated by a capacitor who is charged tends to keep its charge and a magnetic field which collapses creates a circular potential across an electromagnet otherwise known as the Lorrentz force. This is because the current in the conductor and the electric field is in the same direction.
Conclusion:
The spiral DNA-like structure along the magnetic field lines of charges is wound in a circle therefore the charges are always conserved and only the electromagnetic radiation radiated from the displacement current induces current in the load. This is because the electrodes start with an initial electric polarization state and fluctuate that potential with the electromagnetic radiation of the load and its impendence response to the environment through the battery.
The indication that there is only a certain amount of power (especially voltage) available in the battery suggests that the resonant pulse train can only provide a certain amount of broad-band frequency energy due to the limited number of resonantly induced charges during the input energy stage. This means that the overall forces that are keeping the electric energy density in place is the momentum of the spinning charges p=mv. This leads us to believe equation 16 which was derived by Maxwell, but we could not measure this because of its uncertainty. The certainty lies in the electromagnetic equations that sustain the forces. But this shows us clearly that the force of the energy radiating at speed slower than the speed of light is the force of the particles momentum. The energy in this case is the electromagnetic interactions of the magnetic and electric fields which are induced by the loads impedance.
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eq. (21).png)
My conclusion is that the battery was most likely built and tested as Mr. Brown has said because other experiments that have brought all these equations to light have shown what the forces are behind polarized particles.
Sources:
- “Glimpsing the Weak Magnetic Field of Light”, Harald Giessen and Ralf Vogelesang, Science, vol326 Oct. 23 2009
- E.T. Whittaker, On the Partial Diffrential Equations of Mathematical Physics, Vol. 57, 1903, p. 333-355
- M. Walters et al, “Introducing the Practice of Asymmetrical Regauging to Increase the Coefficient of Performance of Electromechanical Systems,” N.C. A & T State University.
- T. D. Lee, Particle Physics and Introduction to Field Theory. New York: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1981.
- The Scalar Superpotential Theory , Author unknown
- Townsend Brown's "Battery" patent proposal
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_oxide
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement_current
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuity_equation
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RadioWaves.jpg
- http://www.wbabin.net/science/tombe.pdf
- US6465965,L. Nelson, Method and System for Energy Conversion using a Screened-Free-Electron Source
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ReplyDeleteHi Casey,
ReplyDeleteI am glad to see that you are continuing and persisting with your free energy pursuits.
Ciao.
Farah
They are, however, more environmentally friendly. Paying those higher costs was regarded as a tradeoff for cleaner energy sources. ενεργειακό τζάκι
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